appeals courts
Courts that have the authority to be the first courts in which most federal cases are heard are known as district courts. These are the trial courts of the federal judiciary system and are responsible for hearing both civil and criminal cases.
US District Courts are the trial courts of general jurisdiction in the federal court system.
United States Courts of Appeals
The federal courts with original jurisdiction over most federal question law suits, diversity of citizenship law suits, and federal criminal trials are the Federal District Courts. Each state has at least one federal district; however, many states have more than one district, depending on size.
In the US federal system, they are known as appellate courts. If you are asking about another system, you'll need to explain that.
Inferior courts refer to trial courts (or courts of original jurisdiction), as opposed to appellate courts, in both the state or federal court systems. In the federal court system, the inferior courts typically refer to US District Courts, but may also refer to special courts, such as the US Court of Federal Claims, as well as territorial courts that function as district courts for US territories such as the US Virgin Islands, Guam, etc.
Usually and ordinarily, the federal court applies State law. This is known as the Erie Doctrine.
The dual court system is the distinction of state and federal courts that make up the judicial branch of government.Dual court system refers to the separate Federal and State tracks under the umbrella of the Judicial branch of the United States government. Federal courts hear criminal and civil cases that involve constitutional and federal law, policies and special subject matter (such as Bankruptcy, or Federal Tax); while State courts reserve the power to hear civil and criminal cases related to state laws and state constitutional issues.
The US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts are divided into 12 regional courts and one national court. They mostly hear cases under appeal from US District Courts, although the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit hears cases from courts with special subject matter jurisdiction.
In the United States court system, the Supreme Court is the final authority on the interpretation of the federal Constitution and all statutes and regulations created pursuant to it, as well as the constitutionality of the various state laws; in the US federal court system, federal cases are tried in trial courts, known as the US district courts, followed by appellate courts and then the Supreme Court. State courts, which try 98% of litigation,[9] may have different names and organization; trial courts may be called "courts of common plea", appellate courts "superior courts" or "commonwealth courts".[10] The judicial system, whether state or federal, begins with a court of first instance, is appealed to an appellate court, and then ends at the court of last resort.[11]
While the US Supreme Court is assigned original jurisdiction (authority to hear the case first) over disputes between a state and the federal government, it doesn't have exclusivejurisdiction over such cases. At present, federal law requires these matters to be heard first in the US District Courts.