Canada's Minister of National Defence is the person responsible for all military matters.
The Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo astronauts were all military test pilots. With a few rare exceptions, (Neil Armstrong for one) the astronauts were on loan from their military branch to NASA. They weren't paid by NASA, the were paid by their branch of service. The Shuttle astronauts are a little different. The pilots are still former military test pilots, but the mission specialists come mostly from the science community. The mission specialists are paid directly by NASA while the vast majority of pilots remain part of the military.
Pilot is the one who is flies an aircraft.He is responsible for all the controls the aircraft. Military pilots are trained with a different syllabus than civilian pilots, which is delivered by military instructors. This is due to the different aircraft, flight goals, flight situations and chains of responsibility. Many military pilots do transfer over to civilian-pilot qualification after they leave the military, and typically their military experience will be used to grant a civilian pilot's license.
Almost all of the early astronauts were military (and some civilian) test pilots.
There will be a list somewhere in the US military.
The Mercury and Gemini astronauts were all military pilots. All the Apollo astronauts were military pilots except for Harrison Schmitt who was a trained geologist. Schmitt became the only scientist to fly to the moon when he flew on Apollo 17, the last manned lunar landing. During the Shuttle program, most of the astronauts were civilian scientists. The Shuttles were all flown by military pilots, but the rest of the crew were mostly scientists. Those chosen for astronaut training from the military ranks are chosen because of their superior flying abilities and their experience and background. Becoming an astronaut is not a given. There is a lot of competetion to become an astronaut. Thousands apply, but only a handful make it.
A flight surgeon is a member of the military that only provides medical services to military aviation personnel. They will help pilots, naval flight officers, navigators, astronauts, and other aircrew members.
Six lunar missions, two men each. Total twelve men, all Americans, all but one military pilots.
There are many military ranks obtainable in Norway. It is impossible to reach all military ranks by one person, but a person can reach a lot of them through training and education.
In charge of what? Communicate with who about what?
The king.
The person that is normally in charge is the tower captain who is in charge of overseeing all the ringing. But when actually ringing the bells, the responsibility can be passed on the another person. This person is called the conductor.