The first invertebrate group to exhibit cephalization was likely the flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes). Cephalization is the evolutionary process of concentration of sensory structures (such as eyes and other sense organs) and nervous tissues at the anterior end of an organism, forming a head region.
The phyla that show cephalization include Chordata (which includes vertebrates), Arthropoda (including insects, crustaceans, and spiders), Annelida (segmented worms), and Mollusca (which includes snails, clams, and octopuses).
Porifera (sponges), Ctenophora (comb jellies), and Placozoa do not exhibit cephalization, which is the development of a head region with sensory organs. These organisms typically lack centralized nervous systems and instead have dispersed nerve cells throughout their bodies.
Phylum Nematoda does exhibit cephalization. Cephalization is a evolutionary trend in development in which the sensory and neural organs of a species becomes concentrated on one end of an organism.
Yes, they have (primitive) sense organs anteriorally placed - this represents cephalisation, as does the aggregation of nervous tissue to monitor and respond to impulses from the anterior sense cells/organs.
cephalization for segmented worms, but idk about anything else
Cephalization
No - class Bivalvia of phylum mollusca have no head examples are clams, oysters, and mussels
Platyhelminthes show the simplest form of cephalization among animals. They have a concentration of sensory organs and nerve cells at the anterior end of their body, which forms a head-like structure. This allows them to detect and respond to stimuli efficiently.
Trematoda are more evolutionarily advanced because they show the traits of cephalization, an organ system, and have a lophophore. While nematoda have none of these traits.
The two animal phyla that show radial symmetry are Cnidaria (such as jellyfish and sea anemones) and Echinodermata (such as starfish and sea urchins). Radial symmetry means that the body parts are arranged symmetrically around a central axis, like spokes on a wheel.
Members within a species show the least variation, while members within a kingdom show the most variation.