The relationship is called Batesian comimicry. Both butterflies are distasteful,so they mimic each others' patterns for mutual protection. A common misconception is that only the monarch is poisonous and the viceroy mimics it to gain protection even though it is non-poisonous. This is not true though, as studies in the 1980s proved that the viceroy is poisonous as well.
The Monarch Butterfly (larvae) has adapted itself to eat milkweed plants, which are very bitter. Because of the food source, the butterfly begins to taste like milkweed to predators. This makes it so that predators don't want to eat them, and the butterfly is relatively protected from this type of predator. The Viceroy Butterfly has only adapted its color to that of the Monarch Butterfly, not its taste. This makes it unappealing to the same predators, thus increasing its chances of survival. This is known as Batesian Mimicry.
Batesian mimicry is a form of mimicry where a harmless species evolves to resemble a harmful or toxic species to gain protection from predators. By mimicking the appearance of a dangerous species, the harmless species can reduce the likelihood of being attacked or eaten by predators. This phenomenon was first described by the biologist Henry Walter Bates in the 19th century.
The butterfly's wings displayed intricate patterns that mimicked the design of a leaf, fooling predators into thinking it was not a tasty meal.
A Viceroy Butterfly mimics a Monarch Butterfly by having a similar appearance, with orange and black wings. This mimicry helps protect the Viceroy from predators, as the Monarch is toxic to eat, so predators learn to avoid both species. However, the Viceroy has an extra black line across its hindwings, helping to distinguish it from the Monarch.
There are many examples such as the viceroy butterfly (which is patterned very similar to toxic monarch butterflies).
The viceroy butterfly mimics the appearance of the toxic monarch butterfly to deter birds from eating it. This mimicry helps protect the viceroy by making it less palatable to predators.
Batesian mimicry
In evolutionary terms, mimicry is the similarity of one species to another that provides benefit for one or both species. This can include similarities in things like; appearance, behaviour or scent. An example of this is a harmless butterfly which mimics the patterns of a poisonous butterfly so that predators stay away. This form of mimicry is known as Batesian mimicry.
what are the predators or prey of the viceroy butterfly
Both Monarchs and Viceroy are equally poisonous to birds and other predators. This was not discovered until 1991, when entymologists examined the Batesian theory of mimicry and discovered that the Viceroy is also poisonous. The mimicry is possibly by both species - they are able to double up on predator recognition. If you have any other butterfly questions, e-mail them to me @ liviebug97@yahoo.com. I'd be more than happy to answer them for you!
Butterflies and dragonflies both have wings used for flying. However the wings of a butterfly are much larger than dragonfly wings.