What is koyoto protocal?

Answer 1

The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty adopted in 1997 that commits its parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the premise that global warming exists and human-made CO2 emissions have caused it. It established legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce their emissions by an average of 5.2% below 1990 levels during the commitment period from 2008 to 2012. The protocol also introduced market-based mechanisms, such as emissions trading, to help countries meet their targets more flexibly. Although it marked a significant step in global climate policy, its effectiveness has been debated due to the lack of participation from some major emitters and the absence of binding commitments for developing nations.