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Democracy or mob rule. In the United States of America the people are self governed and they are the original holders of the inherent political power. Nobody rules under the Constitutional framework of the United States...at least as a point of law, which people seem to believe is up for debate.
A civilian is a person who does not (or who has ceased to) take active part in hostilities. This is related to the concept of civilian immunity, which is set out in the Geneva Convention relating to the Treatment of Civilians in Times of War, which states that:
1. Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria.
The convention goes on to state that:
Where, in the territory of a Party to the conflict, the latter is satisfied that an individual protected person is definitely suspected of or engaged in activities hostile to the security of the State, such individual person shall not be entitled to claim such rights and privileges under the present Convention.
This means that if a person engages in hostilities, they are no longer a civilian.
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