The definition of the word Sequel is "that which follows in consequence of what has previously happened" Ie. The Godfather 2 was the sequel to The Godfather.
SQL on the other hand, was originally an acronym for Structured Query Language. SQL is a standard interactive and programming language for getting information from and updating a database.
SQL (correctly pronounced "ess cue ell,") is in slang referred to as "Sequel" as a method of pronouncing the 3 letter acronym. The 'sequel' pronunciation is a carryover from when there was actually a SEQUEL language.
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A sequel typically refers to a literary work that continues the story of a previous work. SQL, on the other hand, stands for Structured Query Language and is a domain-specific language used for managing data in relational database management systems.
The difference between Pervasive SQL and MS SQL are slight and of a rather technical nature. To the typical consumer the functionality is very much the same, though performance may vary depending upon the use.
SQL is an abbreviation for Structured Query Language. SQL is a means to request data from a database. SQL is a standards based langage that has many versions approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). There are many versions of ANSI-SQL and most databases support specific versions of ANSI-SQL. SQL Server is a database management system that was originally created by Sybase. Microsoft bought the rights from Sybase to market their own version of SQL Server on the Microsoft Windows operating system. Sybase still has versions of SQL Server on other operating systems. When people refer to SQL Server, they typically mean "Microsoft SQL Server." Microsoft SQL Server is a database management system (DBMS) that utilizes SQL (or more specifically Transact-SQL, or T-SQL) as a means to extract data from it's database tables.
SQL (Structured Query Language) was developed by IBM in the 1970s. It was initially known as SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language) and was later standardized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
SQL instances are individual running copies of the SQL Server software, each with its own system databases and user databases. They are used to segregate and manage multiple databases on a single SQL Server. Instances allow for better utilization of server resources and provide a level of isolation between different sets of databases.
SQL and "File Based Databases" can't really be compared directly as they refer to two different concepts. SQL is a language for querying databases. "File Based Databases" often refer to data storage that you manage through your own methods, rather than using a language like SQL to query and manipulate the data. For example, MySQL stores its data in files on the hard drive. To store and manipulate the data and its structure, you use SQL queries. MySQL takes care of the data behind the scenes, and provides methods for sorting and arranging the data returned to queries. You never deal directly with the files that MySQL uses to store the data.