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The things that move the chain are called derailers or derailleurs if you prefer the French spelling. The thing you operate with your hand to select gear is called the shifter. For road bikes, brake lever and shifter lever may be integrated, in which case they're called brifter.

At the front the chain runs over chain wheels/chain rings, at the rear the chain runs over sprockets. The sprockets are part of either a cassette or a freewheel.

Bikes with the gears hidden inside the hub consists of planetary gears.

For brake mechanisms you have:

- the brake lever, which is what you pull on with your hand,

- a cable, a rod or a hydraulic hose to transfer the power

- then the actual brake Can be a rim brake or a hub brake. Rim brakes can be either a cantilever brake or a caliper brake. Caliper brakes are kinda horseshoe shaped and fit over the wheel to reach the rim. Cantilever brakes consists of two arms, one on each side of the wheel. When you pull the lever, the arms close together contacting the rim. All rim brakes have rubbery brake pads on the point where the arms gets closest to the rim. Hub brakes can be either drum, disc, roller, or band brakes.

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Q: What are the gear and brake mechanisms on a bike called?
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