To properly index a rear derailleur on a bicycle, start by shifting the chain onto the smallest rear cog and the smallest front chainring. Then, adjust the barrel adjuster on the derailleur until the chain moves smoothly and quietly onto each cog when shifting. Fine-tune the indexing by adjusting the limit screws to prevent the chain from falling off the cogs. Test the shifting by cycling through all the gears to ensure smooth and precise shifting.
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