An 18-speed bike has two sets of gears - one in the front and one in the back. The front gears, called chainrings, provide big changes in resistance, while the rear gears, called cogs, offer smaller adjustments. By shifting between these gears, cyclists can find the right resistance for different terrains and speeds. Lower gears are used for uphill climbs, while higher gears are for flat roads or downhill descents. Shifting gears efficiently helps cyclists maintain a comfortable cadence and maximize their pedaling power.
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