They celebrate Shabbat and Havdalah.
they rest for the day
They celebrate Havdalah.
The same way Jews in all other countries do.
Every Friday at sundown through Saturday at the following sundow
Friday shortly before sunset, until Saturday evening after twilight.
To my knowledge, round challot are allowed on Shabbat. They are traditionally used on the Jewish holiday of Rosh Hashana, when we celebrate the new year, but are not limited to that use.
In the Israeli military only necessary actions are done on Shabbat.There are no training, but if there are things that have to be done (like patrolling in the borders) they are done on Shabbat. This is ok because it is "Pikuach Nefesh" (peoples' lives will be in danger if the military will not guard them on Shabbat).
Only NON-religious Jews work, just like in all other countries.
Reform Jews outside Israel generally celebrate Rosh Hashanah for only one day, while all other Jews celebrate Rosh Hashanah for two days. Reform Jews blow the Shofar on Rosh Hashanah even if it falls on Shabbat (the Sabbath), while others refrain from blowing the shofar on Shabbat.
Yes. Orthodox Jews do "everything by the book". Reform Jews do anything they want.
Depends on the event. See the attached Related Links for a description of a wedding, a Bar Mitzvah, a Shabbat, and the festivals.