At sunset on the first night of Hanukkah (and on all the other nights, as well) you light the Hanukkah candles and say the blessing for the candles. (On the first night only, you also say the "Shehechianu" blessing.) Then you play the dreidel game as long as the candles are burning.
The traditional foods are things fried in oil; latkes (potato pancakes, which are excellent with a little butter and applesauce), or fried chicken, and for a treat, jelly donuts.
During Hanukkah, Jews light the menorah (candelabrum) and say the traditional blessings.
The Seleucids (Syrian-Greeks) under Antiochus Epiphanes (2nd century BCE), at the instigation of the Hellenizers, had forbidden various Torah-practices in Judea, such as Sabbath-observance, and pressed the Jews to offer up idolatrous sacrifices. The Hasmoneans (a family of religious Jews) fought to retake the Holy Temple, which had been seized by the Seleucids, and to enable the people to once again observe the Torah.
When they reached the Temple grounds and prepared to light the oil lamps of the Temple's menorah (Exodus ch.25), they found only one day's supply of unsullied olive oil. Miraculously, the menorah stayed lit for eight days (Talmud, Shabbat 21b), allowing enough time for new oil to be prepared and brought.
The significance of the miracle is that it demonstrated that God's presence still dwelt in the Holy Temple. This is what Hanukkah represents: the closeness to God; and the avoidance of Hellenization (assimilation).
The Torah Sages instituted the festival of Hanukkah at that time (Talmud, Shabbat 21b), to publicize the miracle (Rashi commentary, ibid). This is why we light our Hanukkah-menorahs.
The Al-Hanisim prayer which we recite during Hanukkah centers around the Hasmoneans' victory and rededication of the Temple, while the candle-lighting commemorates the miracle of the oil.
Though the military victory is prominently mentioned in the prayers, it wouldn't have been celebrated if not for the miracle of the oil.
It should also be noted that the main goal for which the Maccabees fought was not political independence. They fought to enable the people to observe the Torah's commandments; as we say in the Al Hanisim prayer: "the Greeks sought to cause us to forget Your Torah and leave Your statutes."
Sundown on the night entering the first day is when Hanukkah begins, and the first candle is lit (plus the helper-candle).
The first night of Hanukkah began at sundown on Dec. 1, 2010.
Hanukkah in 2008 starts December 21st at night when the first candle is lit. The first day is December 22 and it runs through December 29th.
The first night was December 1st, 2010. The first Day was December 2.
Hanukkah was first celebrated in 164 BCE, starting on the 25th of Kislev of that year.See dates of Hanukkah for the next couple of decades on this linked page.See also:More about Hanukkah
December 6, 1996
"Sunset, December 21 to sunset, December 29 The first Day of Hanukkah was December 22."
The 25th of kislev, 165 BCE.
December 20, 2011
December 2, 2010 is the first day, but the first candle is lit after sundown on December 1, 2010.
The last day has a special name (Zos Hanukkah), but otherwise is no different than any other day of Hanukkah.
They never happen at the same time. The latest Diwal can start is mid November. The absolute earliest date Hanukkah can start is the last few days of november, but 90% of the time, it starts in December. A calendar of Diwali dates shows that it won't even be close to Hanukkah (with two weeks of each other) for at least the next 50 years.