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The bulk of the Roman presence in Britain was made up by the Roman soldiers stationed there. Large numbers of troops were withdrawn from Britain in 383, 401 and 407 due to conflicts in the empire. Roman copper coins are very rare after 402, but minted silver and gold Roman coins were hoarded. By 407 there were no new Roman coins in circulation. According to Zosimus the defenceless and disaffected British natives expelled the Roman civilian administration in 409.

In 383 Magnus Maximus, the military commander in Britain was proclaimed emperor by the troops stationed in Britain and usurped the imperial title against emperor Gratian. He invaded Gaul with a large army. Gratian, who was in Paris, fled to Lyon because he was deserted by his troops,. There, through treachery, he was delivered over to one of the rebel commanders and assassinated. In 384 and through negotiation with Theodosius I, the emperor of the east, was made emperor in Britannia and Gaul, while Gratian's brother Valentinian II retained the rest of the western par of the empire. In 387 Maximus invaded Italy, and was defeated by Theodosius I. According to the Historia Brittonum, Magnus Maximus settled the troops he had taken with him in Armorica (Brittany).There is archaeological evidence which supports this.

In 401 more troops were withdrawn were withdrawn from Britain to assist the Roman army in repelling an invasion in Italy by Alaric I, the king of the Visigoths.

In 407 the troops who were still in Britain proclaimed one of their soldiers, Constantine, emperor. He titled himself as Constantine III. He went to Gaul, most probably taking with him all of the remaining mobile troops left in Britain One of his armies was defeated. However, he sent another army to secure the frontier along the River Rhine and to secure the passages from Gaul to Italy. He then attacked Hispania to pre-empt a pincer operation by the imperial troops and won. The emperor Honorius recognised Constantine as co-emperor However, he faced rebellions by his general in Hispania and by Roman inhabitants who expelled his officials (the inhabitants of Brittany did the same). Britain was raided by Saxon pirates and Constantine had left the island defenceless. A desperate Constantine tired to march on Italy, but was defeated and then besieged and killed in his stronghold.

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The Romans began their withdrawal in 401 and we completely withdrawn by 426.

The Romans began their withdrawal in 401 and we completely withdrawn by 426.

The Romans began their withdrawal in 401 and we completely withdrawn by 426.

The Romans began their withdrawal in 401 and we completely withdrawn by 426.

The Romans began their withdrawal in 401 and we completely withdrawn by 426.

The Romans began their withdrawal in 401 and we completely withdrawn by 426.

The Romans began their withdrawal in 401 and we completely withdrawn by 426.

The Romans began their withdrawal in 401 and we completely withdrawn by 426.

The Romans began their withdrawal in 401 and we completely withdrawn by 426.

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The Romans began their withdrawal in 401 and we completely withdrawn by 426.

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Q: When did the Romans withdraw from Britain?
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