The Caliphate is a political system from the ideology of Islam that enshrines: the rule of law, representative government, accountability by the people through an independent judiciary and the principle of representative consultation. It is government built upon a concept of citizenship regardless of ethnicity, gender or creed and is totally opposed to the oppression of any religious or ethnic grouping.
Abbasid caliphate -- Baghdad Ummayyad Caliphate- Cordoba
before
From 661 CE to 750 CE.
Harun Al Rashid
There have been many Muslim Empires dominated by Islam. The last Muslim Empire or Caliphate was Usmani Caliphate (also known as the Ottoman Empire) in Turkey.
Abbasid Caliphate.
Rashidun Caliphate was created in 632.
Abbasid caliphate -- Baghdad Ummayyad Caliphate- Cordoba
Sharifian Caliphate was created in 1924.
Sokoto Caliphate ended in 1903.
Caliphate of Córdoba ended in 1031.
Abbasid Caliphate was created in 750.
Caliphate of Córdoba was created in 756.
The Almohad Caliphate lasted from 1121 to 1269.
The Rashidun Caliphate under Omar.
The Caliphate of Cairo
The Muslim Empire established by second Rashidoon Caliph Hazrat Umar RAU, the Ummayad Caliphate, The Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad, and the Ummayad Caliphate in Spain