To gain access to the Mediterranean Sea and unifying the Pan-Slavisms.
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The majority of the population of the Balkans and Russia are the Slavs. So, they shared that, and they felt closer to Russia.
France, Belgium, Holland, Poland, Egypt, the Balkans, Soviet Russia.
Russia's main reason for supporting Serbia during the conflict was due to their shared Slavic heritage and historical ties, as well as Russia's strategic interests in maintaining influence in the Balkans.
The Balkans were somewhat of a powder keg at the time; they were small, relatively weak nations, (well, compared to the powers like Germany and Russia), in a desirable location, close to Europe's center. A lot of the nations wanted to seize these countries for their own. Russia wanted to protect the Balkans due to their Slavic beliefs, or maybe they just wanted to help the underdog. This made Russia a natural enemy of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Because of the treaty between Russia and France, this brought France into the issue too, which pitted great nations against one another.
Russia tried to gain control but was only partially successful. Territories such as modern Armenia and Azerbaijan were once Ottoman but were lost to Russia. Much of the Balkans fought for independence from the Ottomans but didn't become Russian.