Leukippos and Democritus; possible also Mochus.
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Democritus, in the 5th century, proposed his version of atomism. States that all matter was composed of small indivisible particles called atoms.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture whose particles are too small to reflect or scatter light. A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture containing particles that are small enough to stay suspended but large enough to scatter light.
If I'm not mistaken, it was Montesquieu who argued that a republic could survive only in a small territory.
The Greek philosopher Leucippus (5th century BC) and his pupil Democritus used the word "atom" to mean an indivisibly-small particle of matter. John Dalton (1766-1844) was among the first to use the concept to explain the observed chemical properties of compounds.
The very small size of virus particles was a major limiting factor of the discovery of viruses.