Gauguin and van Gogh began using strong 'unnatural' colors and stressing the surface instead of perspective depth in paintings. This was a reaction against older. academic painting which obeyed a set of rules. Fauvism took this development one step further.
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Fauvism began around 1900. The movement lasted only a few years from 1904 to 1908.
No Fauvism is a kind of Expressionism. Fauvism started in 1905, Surrealism not until 1924.
Fauvism was preceded by the post-impressionists, primarily van Gogh and Gauguin.
Neo-Fauvism was a style of painting from the mid-1920s said to be issued as a challenge to Surrealism.
Before Fauvism was Impressionism and post-Impressionism, and many impressionistic styles influenced Fauvism. Fauvism was headed by Henri Matisse (1869-1954), Maurice de Vlaminck (1876-1958) and André Derain (1880-1954). Eventually, however, Fauvism diminished to make way for the rise of cubism, art deco and surrealism, all in the early part of the 20th century .
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