The First Battle of Bull Run / Manassas Junction was in July, 1861.
Confederate artillery commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard. The assault was ordered personally by the Confederate President, Jefferson Davis.
General Albert S. Johnson led the Confederate Army of the Mississippi. His plan of a surprise attack seemed to be working fine as the Federals were hastily forced into a retreat. Johnston's original plan of attack was to assemble his army in a single battle line with one corps held back as a reserve. His experienced General PT Beauregard offered to Johnston a different formation of attack which Johnston accepted. This involved forming multiple lines of attack. On its surface, there was nothing wrong with Beauregard's plan. The problem that did arise was due to this "last minute" change of plans. The result was that officers were given command over units that they were unfamiliar with. The advance of the lines of attack were not properly coordinated which hampered the effectiveness of the attack.
General Pierre Gustave Toutant de Beauregard attacking and Major Robert Andersen defended Fort Sumter.He is also commonly known as P.G.T. Beauregard.
James Longstreet
Generals Winfield Scott and Irving McDowell opposed the plan to invade Virginia, defeat any Confederate forces and capture Richmond. General Scott opposed the plan because he believed such a battle would end any Unionism that still existed in the South. General McDowell informed President Lincoln that he did not believe he could defeat both Confederate armies waiting for the Union attack. He also believed that the troops under the command of General Paterson were to far apart to reinforce each other. These issues were discussed at the White House in late June of 1861.
Confederate artillery in Charleston, commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard. He was given the order by the newly-elected Confederate President Jefferson Davis.
General P.G.T. Beauregard, acting on orders from his President, Jefferson Davis.
Confederate artillery commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard. The assault was ordered personally by the Confederate President, Jefferson Davis.
Beauregard (on the orders of his President, Jefferson Davis.)
Confederate General Beauregard submitted a plan to General Lee that would weaken the Union position in Virginia in May of 1864. He believed that if Lee took a position to the Chickahominy River, Beauregard would use 15,000 men, unite with General Breckinridge and with a force of 20,000 troops attack Grant's flank. This would surprise Grant but it meant that it had to be done quickly as Beauregard would have to bring his forces back to contain Union General Butler who posed a threat to Richmond. Lee believed it was too risky and put that idea aside.
The Confederate Army of the Potomac (under generals P.T Beauregard and James Longstreet) On July 18, 1861, a little before the first Battle of Bull Run, a Union brigade attempted to cross the Bull Run (Occoquan) River at Blackburn's Ford, but Confederate fire broke up the attack and forced a Union retreat (under heavy Confederate fire).
General Beauregard ordered the first cannon to fire.
Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard led the Confederate forces in the attack on Fort Sumter.
The First Battle of Bull Run was a victory for the Confederacy by their successful use of the tactic referred to as "interior lines". Facing the Confederate forces at Bull Run was the army of General McDowell. In a bit of a stretch, one can say that the army of General Patterson was part of a frontal force that were vastly separated. These were the Union's "exterior lines" that could not be joined together to engage the Confederate forces. The "interior line" formation was the link between the army of Joseph Johnston to the west of the army commanded by General PT Beauregard. The point of attack was at Bull Run or in Southern terms "Manassas".Both Southern armies were able to join forces and have a concentration of troops when General McDowell began his assault on July 21, 1861. The army of General Patterson was at that time to faraway to help McDowell. Patterson should have been following the army of Johnston. Patterson was fooled by a screen set by JEB Stuart. In any event, Johnston used the rail link to rapidly join forces with Beauregard.
General Albert S. Johnson led the Confederate Army of the Mississippi. His plan of a surprise attack seemed to be working fine as the Federals were hastily forced into a retreat. Johnston's original plan of attack was to assemble his army in a single battle line with one corps held back as a reserve. His experienced General PT Beauregard offered to Johnston a different formation of attack which Johnston accepted. This involved forming multiple lines of attack. On its surface, there was nothing wrong with Beauregard's plan. The problem that did arise was due to this "last minute" change of plans. The result was that officers were given command over units that they were unfamiliar with. The advance of the lines of attack were not properly coordinated which hampered the effectiveness of the attack.
The death of Confederate General Albert S. Johnston, placed PT Beauregard in charge of the the Army of Mississippi. By the late afternoon of the first day of battle, Grant's troops gave way and retreated back to Pittsburg Landing. Beauregard believed that all was in hand and instead of pressing the attack, and routing the Federals, he concluded that futher assaults could wait until dawn of the second day. This was an error as it gave time for General Buell to reach Grant's troops and prepare for a counterattack on the second day of battle.
General Albert Sidney Johnston led the Western forces of the Confederacy, the Army of the Mississippi and led the attack on the first day of the Battle of Shiloh. He was wounded and died. This placed General P. G. T. Beauregard in charge on the second day.