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According to the legend, Byzantium was founded by Byzas. He wanted to found a new town and consulted the oracle of Delphi who told him to settle opposite the Land of the Blind. When Byzas reached the Bosporus, the strait which separates Europe and Asia, he realised what the oracle meant. There was a promontory into the Bosporus which had an inlet to its north, the Golden Horn, which provided a great natural harbour. Thus, it provided the perfect site for a town with a good port and a geographical setting which made easy to defend it. It was surrounded by water on three sides and it was in a hilly area. Hills are easier to fortify and defend. On the opposite side of the Bosporus there was the Greek town of Chalcedon. Byzas thought that its people were blind not to see the advantages of that site on the European side and founded a town which he named after himself, Byzantium.
Greek sources characterised Byzantium as a fishing village of rowdy drunken men where prostitution was rife. However, this town developed into an important strategic site at the time of Philip the Macedon and his son Alexander the great. Philip developed his kingdom of Macedon into the biggest and most important state in mainland Greece. He conquered the northeast of Greece and Thrace (an area on the east coast of the Black Sea which also covered the area of Byzantium) and towards central Greece. He wanted to conquer the massive and mighty Persian Empire which had conquered the Greek cities on the western coast of Turkey and lied on the other coast of the Bosporus, opposite Byzantium.
Philip was murdered before he could accomplish his project, which was realised by his son, Alexander the Great. Byzantium became the port from which his fleet sailed to Turkey to launch his attack on the Persians. Byzantium became the strategic link between Europe and Asia.
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