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The total sovereignty of God. Calvinism as a movement is defined by the mnemonic:

TULIP

T= Total Depravity (that we are so constrained by our fallen nature that we will not choose to persue God without His gracious intervention - See Romans 1-3)

U= Unconditional Election (considering the above, we can never warrant salvation and nor would we even desire it, so God chooses to call his chosen elect to faith, not because they are more deserving but simply because He chose them for His good pleasure - See Romans 8, Ephesians 1-2)

L= Limited Atonement (Christ died for his elect in a specific sense - while all may benefit by His death, only those who come to faith (that is to say, the elect) have received atonement for their sins - See John 6, 10)

I= Irresistable Calling (while we may resist God's calling, he is able and willing to overcome our resistance if we are part of his chosen people - see John 6-10)

P= Perseverance of the Saints (that those who are genuinely chosen will persevere in faith to the end, bearing fruit in accordance with their calling - sometimes summarised as "once saved, always saved" - that a genuine call to faith will result in God preserving us to the end - See John 10, Romans 8)

This is considered controversial in how it relates to free will and what it means for those who never come to faith. Limited atonement is a controversial point even in Calvins theology, in that he would affirm that Christ did die for the world at numerous points. Nevertheless, it is a fair summary of his teaching on salvation, considering it's brevity.

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Q: What was the main belief behind calvinism?
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Related questions

What did the puritains or calvinists refer to themselves as?

When Calvinism first took off, those who believed in Calvinism were dubbed "Followers of Calvin", which later then just called " the belief of Calvinism".


Is predestination a belief of Calvinism?

Yes, it is characteristic of Calvinism and was first stated by John Calvin in his book "Institutes of the Christian Religion".


What is the relationship between capitalism and calvinism?

Capitalism and Calvinism are two completely different topics. Capitalism is a form of government, while Calvinism is a type of religion or belief. They really have no major similarities.


What are the similarities of Catholicism and Calvinism?

Beyond belief in one God, who is a Trinity, not much.


Which religion holds the belief that success in this life is an indication that you will go to heaven?

Calvinism


What was the main belief of Calvin?

The main belief associated with calvinism is the idea of pre-destination meaning a person is pre-destined before birth whether they will go to heaven or hell.


What distinguishing feature of Calvinism contributed to the rise of capitalism?

. the belief that heaven was a myth and there was no hereafter


What is the main idea of calvinism?

He was a straight up G, No Doubt


What are the main points of Calvinism?

Calvinism is a kind of Christian Protestantism. The related link will describe more specifics of the beliefs.


Which two countries was calvinism the dominant religion?

In France it was particularly influential. The French Protestant's had to escape to Germany.


What is a Catholics main belief?

Their main belief is that there is only one true God.


Who was calvinism named after?

Calvinism was named after John Calvin