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To draw valid conclusions from an experiment, there must be two kinds of conditions observed: 1. An experimental condition (the particular manipulation of a variable being studied), and 2. A control condition (the situation that unfolds without manipulating the variable being studied). Only comparing these two conditions will enable one to know that the factors changed by experiment are what led to the results of the experiment. For example, if you apply heat to water in order to produce steam (an experimental condition), you must also have some water that is not heated (a control condition) so you can be assured that water does not convert to steam simply because time passes without heat. In the Social Sciences, wherein it is common to study groups of people, the experimental and control conditions may be referred to as separate groups.

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Q: What two groups are involved in an experiment?
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