Oak leaf clusters indicate subsequent awards of that same medal. The 1st OLC to a Silver Star indicates the second time that medal has been awarded.
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The oak leaf cluster indicates that the decoration has been awarded a second time. Thus a bronze star with oak leaf cluster means the person won two bronze stars. Michael Montagne
Typically an Oak Leaf Cluster represents an additional award of the medal. Others use a star to indicate a second award.
A Cluster or known as an Oak Leaf Cluster is aA bronze or silver twig of four oak leaves with three acorns on the stem, 13/32-inch long for the suspension ribbon, and 5/16-inch long for the service ribbon bar and the unit award emblem is issued to denote award of second and succeeding awards of decorations.
a silver Oak Leaf equals the 5th award, two silver Oak leaves equals 10 awards. There is NO silver service star on a good conduct medal.
During the Viet war when a man earned (won, awarded, issued, etc.) the same medal twice the army just gave him an oak leaf cluster instead. It was a little piece of metal just bigger than a pencil point in the shape of an oak leaf (probably made of pot metal or brass). This oak leaf cluster was pinned onto the man's ribbon that he wore on his uniform. So if a serviceman earned the Bronze Star 3 times then he'd have two oak leaf clusters attached to his single Bronze Star ribbon. Keep in mind that the Bronze Star could be awarded for both either Meritorious or Valor reasons. If it was for valor then the orders HAD to read "with "V" device." In which case the ribbon would have a metal "V" pinned to the ribbon. Again, the V device was as small as the letter you're reading on your computer (V=actual size).