I think the word you are asking about is monarch.
A monarch was a sole head of a government, whose position was hereditary to at least some degree. A king was a monarch, as was an emperor. There were princes, dukes, and even counts who were monarchs, because they did not have royal overlords, but were at the top of their governments.
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There were no dinosaurs in medieval times.
Medieval castles.
medieval times queens position at middle ages.
There is no way of knowing what the "first" song was in Medieval Times.
In medieval times, soldiers were commonly referred to as knights.