The Ba is the spirit of the deceased person. It represents his personality, and is basically like a soul.
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There isn't any official animal to represent ancient Egypt, but I would think the Sphinx.
As a hieroglyph, the owl represented the letter M.
These are called Hieroglyphs. They were used in Ancient Egypt.
the jackal mask represented Anubis, and was strongly represented in funerals
Important people in ancient Egypt (such as kings) were embalmed so that their body would not completely rot away. That way, when the deceased's ba (soul) visited the world of the living, it would be able to recognize its body.