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Over a century of coin debasement had made the coins worthless. Several emperors had decreased the precious metal content of coins (gold or silver) to increase the number of minted coins to finance their expenses. This created hyperinflation via two mechanisms. One was the overabundance of coins due to oversupply. The other was that the coins eventually come to have virtually no value.

They had as little as only 5 % of precious metal. Barter exchange often came to replaced monetary purchases. Other effects were:

1) A breakdown in trade. It became difficult to exchange goods with a worthless currency.

2) The urban economy collapsed. Manufacturing in cities shrunk because their goods, which were for long-distance trade, could not be traded.

3) Agricultural production on the large landed estates became localised. Sales of crops for the cities decreased and these estates concentrated on production for local barter.

4) Many people migrated from the cities to the countryside and the population of the cities shrunk.

5) The owners of the large estates employed the migrants from the cities as servile labour. These people lost their rights and became tied to their landlords.

6) Distressed peasants who were leaseholders on the large estates were leaving their land in search for better opportunities. They were often turned into servile labour in the large estates as well.

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Q: What did people do when roman coin lost its value?
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