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The universal faith of the Persians and surrounding tribes in Iran was Zoroastrianism. This was an essentially monotheistic religion in which Ahura Mazda (Wise Lord) is the one uncreated god, existing eternally and creator of all else that is good. Spenta Mainyu was his Holy Spirit and Angra Mainyu is his evil adversary.

Mary Boyce (Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices) says that the prophet Zoroaster was the first to teach the doctrines of an individual judgement, Heaven and Hell, the future resurrection of the body, the general Last Judgement and life everlasting for the reunited soul and body.

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Q: What did Persians believe fifth century BCE?
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