The universal faith of the Persians and surrounding tribes in Iran was Zoroastrianism. This was an essentially monotheistic religion in which Ahura Mazda (Wise Lord) is the one uncreated god, existing eternally and creator of all else that is good. Spenta Mainyu was his Holy Spirit and Angra Mainyu is his evil adversary.
Mary Boyce (Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices) says that the prophet Zoroaster was the first to teach the doctrines of an individual judgement, Heaven and Hell, the future resurrection of the body, the general Last Judgement and life everlasting for the reunited soul and body.
Germans don't appear in the historical literature in the 5th Century BCE so we don't know. They featured a people on the move who threatened Rome in the late 2nd Century BCE.
plague and war
The Persians sacked Athens in 480 BCE .
At the battle of Marathon 490 BCE the Athenians defeated the Persians.
539 BCE.
Yes - the Persians in the 6th Century BCE, the Macedonians in the 4th Century BCE.
islam
From the Fifth Century BCE to the Second Century CE.
Germans don't appear in the historical literature in the 5th Century BCE so we don't know. They featured a people on the move who threatened Rome in the late 2nd Century BCE.
if it is 5th century AD then it is at least 400 years after bc or bce
The year 435BCE, along with any year between 500BCE and 401BCE, occured during the fifth century BCE.
in Athens during the fifth century bce
There were many battles. The major ones were: Lade - sea battle 494 BCE - the Persians won Artemesion - sea battle 480 BCE - the Greek confederation lost. Salamis - sea battle 480 BCE - the Persians lost. Plataia - land battle 479 BCE - the Persians lost Mycale - sea-land battle 479 BCE- the Persians lost. Eurymedon - sea battle 466 BCE - the Persians lost. Cyprus - sea-land battle 451 BCE - the Persians lost.
plague and war
479 BCE.
It was not a durable victory, as it incentivated the Persians to mount a full scale invasion in 480 BCE.
The Persians conquered the Babylonian Empire in 539 BCE.