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Byzantine Empire is a term historians use for the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The term is used to indicate the fact that when this empire lost most of its non-Greek territories as a result of invasions by the Arabs and Slavs, it became centred on Greece and Greek in Character. Greek replaced Latin as the official language of this empire in 620. This was only about 150 years after the fall of the west. The term Byzantine is derived from Byzantium, the originally Greek city which was redeveloped and renamed Constantinople.

The Byzantines are famous for their art. Byzantine art influenced western European, and especially Italian, art before the Renaissance. The art of this period was based on Byzantine icons. The Byzantines also spread Orthodox Christianity to part of eastern Europe and to Russia.

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