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What has the author Jeffrey R Kerr-Ritchie written?
Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie has written: 'Freedpeople in the tobacco South' -- subject(s): Economic conditions, History, Freedmen, Tobacco farms, African American farmers
What did the freedman bureau accomplish?
The Freedmen's Bureau helped African Americans. In the years following the Civil War, the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (the Freedmen's Bureau) provided assistance to tens of thousands of former slaves and impoverished whites in the Southern States and the District of Columbia. The war had liberated nearly four million slaves and destroyed the region's cities, towns, and plantation-based economy. It left former slaves and many whites dislocated from their homes, facing starvation, and owning only the clothes they wore. The challenge of establishing a new social order, founded on freedom and racial equality, was enormous. The Bureau was established in the War Department in 1865 to undertake the relief effort and the unprecedented social reconstruction that would bring freedpeople to full citizenship. It issued food and clothing, operated hospitals and temporary camps, helped locate family members, promoted education, helped freedmen legalize marriages, provided employment, supervised labor contracts, provided legal representation, investigated racial confrontations, settled freedmen on abandoned or confiscated lands, and worked with African American soldiers and sailors and their heirs to secure back pay, bounty payments, and pensions.
What economic changes occured in the north and south as a result of civil war?
The US Civil War widened the economic gap between the North and the South. The Northern economy boomed, as the region produced many different kinds of goods. The Southern economy, however, had collapsed. The labor system of slavery was gone. Southern industry and railroads were destroyed. Many farms also lay in ruins. As a result, The South would remain poor for many decades. The North took advantage of the western frontiers and railroads hastened the growth of populations that settled in California and in the plains states. While the Northern economy had placed the war in its rear view mirror, the South languished in the Reconstruction Era. Also, instead of focusing on economic growth, many Southerners focused on racial supremacy issues. They sought to have whites regain their political power and they forced the Black population into a state of fear. White supremacy was the order of the day, and many Black people were denied access to voting polls and lynch mobs curtailed Blacks from full citizenship.
