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The Reconquista was a prolonged war by Christian kingdoms to retake lands that had been conquered by Muslim caliphates.
monarchies
Western European kingdoms increasingly fought wars over religious differences.
They were weak.
kingdoms have kings and empires have emporers.
Both societies were unified by shared religious traditions.
Western European kingdoms increasingly fought wars over religious differences.
The Reconquista was a prolonged war by Christian kingdoms to retake lands that had been conquered by Muslim caliphates.
APEX: Science and technology flourished in Islamic caliphates but declined in Western Europe.
Western European kingdoms increasingly fought wars over religious differences.
Western European kingdoms increasingly fought wars over religious differences.
monarchies
They were weak.
The European Robin The Swan
kingdoms have kings and empires have emporers.
how did centralized monarchies develop in Europe
it was the first town of a new colony.