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The Roman Empire did not dissolve. The western part of the Roman Empire fell under the weight of the invasions by the Germanic peoples who within 76 year took over all the lands of this part of the Roman Empire except for Italy and Dalmatia and formed their own kingdoms in previously Roman areas. With the pressure of these invasions this part of the Roman Empire lost political cohesion. There was a lot of infighting and a string of usurpations.

The eastern part of the Roman Empire was not affected by these invasions and continued to exist for another 1,000 years until Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453.

The dire situation in the western part of the Roman Empire also allowed the eastern part of the Roman Empire to interfere with politics in Italy. The last legitimate emperor of the western part of the Roman Empire, Julius Nepos, was appointed by Leo I, the emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire. He was deposed by a general, Orestes, who installed his 15 year old son, Romulus Augustus, as a puppet emperor under his control. After only 10 months Romulus Augustus was deposed by Odoacer, a Germanic military commander who led a rebellion by Germanic soldiers. Zeno, emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, sent his ally, Theodoric I, the king of the Ostrogoths, to invade Italy and oust Odoacer on his behalf. Italy and Dalmatia came under Ostrogoth rule.

Historians have coined the term Byzantine Empire to indicate the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the western part of the Roman Empire. The Romans did not use this term, they called it Roman Empire or Romania (this referred to this empire and not the country which was later called Romania).

The term Byzantine is derived from Byzantium, the Greek city which was redeveloped, turned into the imperial capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire and renamed Constantinople by the emperor Constantine the Great in 330. It is used to indicate the fact that not long after the fall of the western part, this empire became centred on Greece and Greek in character after it lost most of its non-Greek territories. Greek replaced Latin as the official language of this empire in 620, some 150 years after the fall of the west.

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Q: How does the Roman Empire fall apart?
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