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The Pax Romana followed the creation of rule by an emperor by Augustus which followed the civil wars which brought the Roman Republic down. The stronger system of government created by Augustus, where the central government had much better control over the provinces of the empire, worked well during the 200 years of the Pax Romana. There was political conflict, but it did not spiral out of control. There were political conspiracies against emperors, but this did not destabilise the empire and ways to ensure successions of emperors which maintained stability were usually found. Military conflicts over imperial succession occurred in the Year of the Four Emperors, but were small scale and got nowhere near civil war. Another factor that contributed to the relative stability was the decision to limit the expansion of the empire and to avoid conflict with other military powers after setbacks to an initial phase of expansion during this period.

The relative peace and stability provided by a stronger system of government created an opportunity for economic growth through a growth in trade. The empire developed an intensive and extensive trading network where goods were bought, sold transported and sold all around the empire and beyond. Rome also trade with Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, India and China.

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The term Pax Romana indicates a two hundred year period of relative political stability within the Roman Empire. The stability facilitated the development of thriving trading networks throughout the empire and beyond which brought greater prosperity. This was encouraged by the state through low taxation and the construction of infrastructure. An extensive network of roads was developed. Bridges, ports, dams and aqueducts were also built. There was also the construction of bathhouses, temples, theatres, amphitheaters and basilicas (public buildings).

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Q: How did the roman empire change during pax Romania?
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