Augustus took power by being the final victor of the last civil wars of the Roman Republic. The final civil war was a struggle between him and Marc Antony over who would become the sole ruler of Rome and her territories
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No, Augustus was Caesar's nephew. Octavian ( before he was Augustus ) was the adopted son of hid uncle, Julius Caesar.
After the assassination of Julius Caesar the Roman Republic fell. Caesar had seized power by winning a civil war against the forces of the senate led by Pompey in what historians have called Caesar's Civil War. After his death there were more civil wars. Mark Antony and Octavian (later he was called Augustus) defeated the assassins of Julius Caesar in the Liberators' Civil War. In the Final Civil War of the Roman Republic, Octavian defeated Mark Antony in a final power struggle. Octavian became the first Roman Emperor under the name of Augustus. He established the system of rule by emperors.
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The Senate was afraid that Julius Caesar wanted to rule over Rome and take over the government. So, they wanted Caesar back in Rome so as to monitor him and make sure he would not take over Rome.
Caesar may have looked as though it were a surname but in fact it was a title such as emperor or king. However, it didn't start out like that. It was the surname of the Emperor Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Although later Roman emperors had different surnames, the name Caesar was always associated with the emperorship and continued to be so long after its connection with the Julius Caesar family ended.