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Which body parts may be damaged by aminoglycosides?
Aminoglycosides can potentially damage the kidneys and the inner ear, leading to nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) and ototoxicity (hearing loss or balance problems). Close monitoring of kidney function and hearing is important when using these antibiotics.
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are caused by what?
Ototoxicity is often caused by certain medications such as aminoglycoside antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs. Nephrotoxicity can be caused by medications like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aminoglycoside antibiotics, and certain chemotherapy drugs. Both conditions can result in damage to the ears and kidneys, respectively.
What are the causes of ototoxicity?
Many drugs can cause ototoxicity. Antibiotics: amikacin (Amikin), streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin (Garamycin).
What are the symptoms of ototoxicity?
ototoxic drugs may cause lack of hearing, and loss of sense of balance.
What is the prognosis for a patient with ototoxicity?
The prognosis depends on the drugs that caused the ototoxicity, and their dose. The aminoglycoside antibiotics, gentamicin, kanamycin, netilmycin and tobramycin all cause hearing loss to varying degrees. These drugs may be used.
What diseases are cause by antibiotics?
You can get the pseudo-membranous enterocolitis due to use of broad spectrum antibiotics. You can get permanent deafness and/or vertigo and nephrotoxicity due to injudicious use of aminoglycosides like gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin, kanamicin and amikacin. You can get yellow coloured teeth due to use of tetracyclines during pregnancy and in children below the eight years of age. You can get thrush in mouth and in vagina due to use of some antibiotics.
Why aminoglycosides cause weakness in myasthenia gravis?
Aminoglycosides can exacerbate weakness in myasthenia gravis by interfering with neuromuscular transmission. They block the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, leading to decreased muscle contraction strength. This effect can worsen symptoms of muscle weakness in individuals with myasthenia gravis.
How is ototoxicity diagnosed?
Ototoxicity often goes undiagnosed. This occurs when the hearing loss is slight, or when it is restricted to the higher frequencies. Patients may notice a change in their hearing, but it may not be significant enough to report.
What is Tetracycline and penicillin and cephalosporin and sulfonamides and aminoglycosides?
Antibiotics
What is the treatment for ototoxicity?
There are no current treatments to reverse the effects of ototoxicity. People who suffer permanent hearing loss may elect to use hearing aids, or, when appropriate, receive a cochlear implant. For those who have balance problems.
What class of antibiotic drugs are nephrotoxicity and otoxicity potential side effects?
Nephrotoxicity: Certain drugs are inherently nephrotoxic and include aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, cisplatin, contrast dye, and cyclosporine Otoxicity There are more than 200 medications and chemicals that are known to cause hearing and balance problems. It is important to discuss with your doctor the potential for hearing or balance damage of any drug you are taking. Sometimes there is little choice. Treatment with a particular medication may provide the best hope for curing a life-threatening disease or stopping a life-threatening infection. Ototoxic medications known to cause permanent damage include certain aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin (family history may increase susceptibility), and cancer chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin and carboplatin. Drugs known to cause temporary damage include salicylate pain relievers (aspirin, used for pain relief and to treat heart conditions), quinine (to treat malaria), and loop diuretics (to treat certain heart and kidney conditions).
Which adverse effect is the most common severe complication resulting from cyclosporine therapy?
Nephrotoxicity
