By rubber, low-density, diatom polyethylene, diatom frustules (largely silicic acid), and PFTE (Teflon).
VHB tape is very useful in cases where you want to bond two things together, because it is a kind of double-sided tape. You can use it on a picture frame, for example to bond the picture to a wall instead of using nails, screws, etc.
You can screen print inks (paints) on many plastics. Some materials are solvent sensitive and you have to choose how to mark them carefully and curing may be UV polymerization rather than vehicle evaporation. Sometimes its simpler to create the design on a sheet of a more convenient material back with a pressure sensitive adhesive film and attach that to the base material. Some like polyethylene have waxy surfaces and are very difficult to bond to if smooth. A few like pure PFTE (teflon) really are non-stick, and even if you can print and cure the design it just falls off.