Although hepatitis B can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta, most often it is transmitted perinatally.
In developed countries widespread HIV testing and anti-retroviral therapy have reduced maternal-fetal transmission dramatically.
Prevention of maternal-to-fetal HSV transmission includes abstaining from sexual activity during the last trimester; using a condom; postponing membrane rupture; avoiding a fetal monitor; and, avoiding vacuum or forceps deliveries.
Maternal to fetal infections are transmitted from the mother to her fetus, either across the placenta during fetal development (prenatal) or during labor and passage through the birth canal (perinatal).
Fetal surgery, antenatal surgery, or maternal-fetal surgery.
Feto-maternal refers to the relationship between the fetus and the mother during pregnancy. It involves the interactions and exchanges that occur between the developing fetus and the mother's body to support fetal growth and development. This relationship is crucial for the health and well-being of both the fetus and the mother.
ultasound
placenta
Maternal fetal medicine specialist
RhoGAM
products of the maternal immune system disrupt fetal development
Creasy, Robert K., et al. Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practices. 5th ed. London: W. B. Saunders, 2003.
fetal alcohol syndrome