PUNCTUATION MARK
The colon is used to introduce a set of things when listing, or to attach an attribution to a title.
ANATOMICAL ORGAN
The colon is the large intestine, or just the final section connected to the anus. In the colon, water is removed from digestive waste in preparation for its discharge as fecal matter.
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The main purpose of the colon (punctuation mark) is to introduce a list.
If you are referring to the organ in the body, the main purpose is to extract water from digested food (waste) before it passes out the body.