Osteophytes, commonly called bone spurs, are abnormal outgrowths of bone occurring at joints. They are a classic finding in the most common type of Arthritis, osteoarthritis.
The formation of osteophytes isn't completely understood, but the thought is that they form in response to abnormal friction generated in the joints as they degenerate due to the underlying disease (most commonly osteoarthritis). They can form visible and palpable (meaning you can feel them) little nodes at any affected joint. They are common in the small joints of the hands in people with osteoarthritis.
The upper sacral part of the spine. S1 to S2.
The lumbar spine is attached to the lower thoracic spine above and the sacrum below. It also connects to the hip bones, pelvis, and surrounding muscles and ligaments. The lumbar spine supports the weight of the upper body and allows for bending, twisting, and other movements.
Marfan patients may develop kyphosis either in the upper (thoracic) spine or the lower (lumbar) spine.
Curvature of the vertebral column resulting from the column turning on its axis. The upper two vertebrae in the cervical spine, the atlas and the axis, differ from the other vertebrae because they are designed specifically for rotation. These two vertebrae are the reason your neck can move in so many directions. Mid Spine = Thoracic Lumbar Spine = Below the Thoracic vertebraes - your lumbar spine consists of 5 discs/vertebrae.
The three main divisions of the spinal column are the cervical spine near the neck, the thoracic region of the upper back, and the lumbar spine in the lower back.
The lumbar region is generally considered the weakest part of the spine due to the significant load it bears from supporting the upper body. The cervical (not cumbrain) region is inherently more vulnerable to injury due to its mobility and structure, but the lumbar region is often more prone to strains and wear-and-tear issues.
Most spinal injuries occur in the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) regions of the spine. The cervical spine is particularly vulnerable due to its mobility and range of motion, while the lumbar spine bears a lot of weight and can be prone to injury from lifting or twisting motions.
Curvature of the vertebral column resulting from the column turning on its axis. The upper two vertebrae in the cervical spine, the atlas and the axis, differ from the other vertebrae because they are designed specifically for rotation. These two vertebrae are the reason your neck can move in so many directions. Mid Spine = Thoracic Lumbar Spine = Below the Thoracic vertebraes - your lumbar spine consists of 5 discs/vertebrae.
The kidneys are located at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra to the 3rd lumbar vertebra in the upper abdominal region.
left leaning curvature
There are 5 regions in the spine:cervical (7 vertebrae)thoracic (12)lumbar (5)sacral (5 fused)coccygeal (4 fused)
" Cervicothoracolumbar" refers to the combination of the cervical (neck), thoracic (upper back), and lumbar (lower back) regions of the spine.