Grammatically, "a contraction" is a short form of one or two words created by replacing one or more letters with an apostrophe (e.g. do not = don't or cannot = can't).
Anatomically, contraction is the shortening of muscles, more specifically such actions as the squeezing of heart muscles to pump blood, or the peristaltic movements that propel a fetus through the birth canal.
Generally, it is the shortening of a length in materials, as may be caused by a decrease in temperature. An example is the increased tension in electrical wires in the wintertime.
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