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How does the brain detect high co2 levels?
The brain detects high CO2 levels in the blood through specialized chemoreceptors called central chemoreceptors, located in the medulla oblongata. These receptors are sensitive to changes in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid caused by high levels of CO2, triggering an increase in ventilation to remove excess CO2 from the body.
What effects upon the respiratory center do increased carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions have?
In a normal person the respiratory drive is controlled by the central chemoreceptors in the hypothalmous. These receptors are sensitive to changes in pH. CO2 effects pH by the hasselbach equation: H+HCO3 = CO2+H2O So basically the more CO2 your body has on bord the lower the pH is and the more stimmulation there is to the central chemoreceptors causing a desire to breath and blow off that CO2. In emphasima patients their Co2 is so chronically high their respiration is driven by their peripheral chemoreceptors that are sensitve to O2 levels in the blood not pH. This is why one needs to be very careful when giving oxygen to emphasima patients. If the O2 level of their blood is too high there would be no stimulation to breath and they could stop breathing.
The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are most sensitive to changes in blood?
pH. When CO2 (carbon dioxide) builds-up in the blood, in forms an acid compound with water called "carbonic acid." CO2 + H2O H2CO3
What would happen if Co2 is high in patient?
CO2 dissolves in blood to form carbonic acid; therefore its effects are mainly through changing the pH of the blood. Chemoreceptors in the brain detect this lowered pH and cause a very strong, irresistible desire to breathe - which exchanges the CO2 for oxygen. If this mechanism fails, the lowered pH causes muscle twitches and jerks, as well as seizures, coma and death.
Where does respiratory rhythm originate?
For most normal individuals the hypothalmus is is the origin of central chemoreceptors. These chemoreceptors are very sinsitive to elevation or drops in pH (or amount of free Hydrogen Ion in the blood). The equation: H + HCO2 = H2O + CO2 Shows how CO2 in the bloodstreem effects the amount of free H ion in the blood; in other word the more CO2 in the blood the more acidic it is and has a lower pH. The lower the pH of the blood is the more stimulation is given to the central chemoreceptors in the hypothalmus thus stimulating the phrenic nerve among others to raise the respiratory rate and blow off the excess CO2. This process is very different for individuals who are suffering from chronic CO2 retention (Like in COPD). These indeviduals can not use the central chemoreceptors due to the excessive CO2 in the blood is a norm for them! These individuals must now depend on their peripheral chemoreceptor located through out their body. These peripheral chemoreceptors are sensitive to O2 levels in the blood, and are sitmulated by a drop in O2 concentration. This is why it could be dangerous to give excessive supplimental oxygen to a person with COPD. If there is no drop in O2 levels (because your giving them O2) in their blood what stimulates them to breath? Nothing !!!!! Scary huh? Dont smoke!!!
How does the body perceive a drop in pH due to activity?
Chemoreceptors in the internal carotid artery, and so you hyperventilate to lower the pH
What is the function of the chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries and aorta?
I will illistrate my answers with an example: When an individual exercises, the concentration of CO2 in the blood increases, this lowers the pH, making it more acidic. Chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries and aorta detect this decrease in pH. Nerve impulses are sent to the centre of the Medulla Oblongata that increases heart rate. Nerve impulses are then sent via the sympathetic nervous system to the sinoatrial node, this increases the heart rate. Therefore this increases the blood flow to the lungs, CO2 can therefore be removed from the blood by the alveoli in the lungs.
Receptors that monitor the pH and the carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations of arterial blood are?
Chemoreceptors are the receptors that monitor the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations of arterial blood. These chemoreceptors are located in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies, which are specialized structures in the walls of the carotid arteries and aorta, respectively. They sense changes in these parameters and send signals to the brain to regulate breathing and maintain homeostasis.
Chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies?
Chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies are specialized cells that detect changes in blood levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH. When levels are outside of normal range, these chemoreceptors send signals to the brainstem to regulate breathing rate and depth to maintain proper oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
What do chemoreceptors found in the body and vascular system measure?
Chemoreceptors in the body and vascular system measure the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH in the blood. These receptors play a crucial role in regulating breathing rate, blood pressure, and maintaining homeostasis within the body.
What happens to pH when co2 is removed from water?
When CO2 is removed from water, the pH of the water will increase. This is because CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which lowers the pH. Removing CO2 will shift the equilibrium towards the formation of H2O and CO2, leading to a decrease in the concentration of H+ ions and an increase in pH.
Which gas stimulates us to breathe?
Carbon dioxide is the primary gas that stimulates us to breathe. When carbon dioxide levels in the blood rise, it triggers the body to take deeper breaths in order to expel the excess carbon dioxide and bring oxygen in.
