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What is cardiac-output?
Cardiac output is the volume of blood the heart pumps within one minute. Cardiac output (CO) is equal to the stroke volume (SV) of the heart multiplied by the heart rate (HR). Thus, cardiac output is given by the equation: CO=HR X SV.
What decreases cardiac output without change in heart rate PAWP or SVR Is it preload afterload or contractility?
A change in cardiac output without any change in the heart rate, pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP = equated to preload) or systemic vascular resistance (SVR = afterload) would have to be due to a change in the contractility of the heart. Cardiac output (CO) is roughly equal to stroke volume x heart rate. Stroke volume is related to preload, contractility, and afterload. As you can see, the only variables you have not controlled for is cardiac contractility.
Does the cardiac output equal heart rate multiplied by stroke volume?
Yes. CO = HR x SV CO - cardiac output HR - heart rate SV - stroke volume
What will the venous return be if the cardiac output is 7.5 liters?
Venous return is typically equal to the cardiac output, so if the cardiac output is 7.5 liters, the venous return would be the same, 7.5 liters.
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?
CO=HRXSV, Where HR is heart rate and SV is stroke volume
What is the principles relating to blood flow and pressure and resistance?
Blood flow is directly proportional to the pressure difference between two points in a blood vessel and inversely proportional to the resistance in the vessel. This relationship is described by Poiseuille's law, which states that blood flow is equal to the pressure difference divided by the resistance. Systemic vascular resistance is influenced by factors such as vessel diameter, vessel length, and blood viscosity.
How a transistor transfers resistance?
The input current of transistor is approximately equal to output current .Suppose in common base configuration the emmiter current is approximately equal to collector current if neglect the very small value of bae current.Even though the input resistance is not equal to output resistance,the currents are same ,so we can reliase that the transistor transfers resistance to get same currents at both ends.
What is a Mechanical advantage equal to?
Mechanical advantage the resistance force. Mechanical advantage is equal output force divided by input force.
Cardiac Output is the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute?
yes or true
Is blood pressure of 103 over 66 low for a 65 year old woman?
Usually, as people advance in years, their aorta becomes atheromatous thus making it very rigid. This increases the peripheral vascular resistance (the resistance exerted to the blood flow coming out of the aorta) thus increasing the systolic blood pressure. Blood pressure is equal to cardiac output times the peripheral vascular resistance. But the lower the blood pressure to sustain hemodynamic stability in an individual (without any symptoms), the better. So the blood pressure mentioned here (90/51 mmhg) is actually beneficial to a 63 year old and the heart is less stressed supplying the metabolic needs of the body without any symptoms.
What is the effect systemic vascular resistance has on arterial pressure?
System vascular resistance (SVR) is equal to the difference of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and central venous pressure (CVP) divided by cardiac output (CO) or in equation form SVR=(MAP-CVP)/CO. So, increasing SVR will increase arterial pressure unless the CO drops.
How fast does blood go to your heart?
you are asking about "cardiac output," which is the amount of blood that gets pumped out of the heart, usually given in liters per minute (remember that since the circulatory system is a closed loop, volume of blood pumped out must equal blood coming back to the heart, assuming you are not actively bleeding). Cardiac output in a normal adult is 5-6 L/min at rest, but can increase to 25 L/min or more during strenuous exercise. Cardiac output (CO) is equal to the Stroke Volume (SV, or the volume of blood pumped with each heart beat) times the heart rate (number of beats per minute). If you have taken physics, you should be familiar with Ohm's law: V=IR. There is also a correlating equation for the circulatory system, which is Mean Arterial Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output times Systemic Vascular Resistance, or MAP = CO x SVR. You can think of MAP as the voltage, CO as the current, and SVR as resistance. This equations relates your cardiac output to your blood pressure and your vascular resistance (how clamped down or open your blood vessels are). Your body is set up to try to maintain a constant blood pressure by adjusting the vascular resistance or cardiac output (which in turn is dependent on stroke volume and heart rate). One good example is active exercise: the blood vessels going to your muscles open up to allow for increased blood flow, which decreases overall vascular resistance. According to the relation above, decreased SVR with no change in CO will cause your blood pressure to drop - enough of a drop in blood pressure will cause you to pass out. Therefore, your cardiac output MUST increase to maintain a constant blood pressure. During exercise, I'm sure you have noticed that both your heart rate increases, but your heart is also beating more strongly, which pumps more blood with each beat.
