A spinal reflex is a reflex that is centered in the spinal cord. The parts of the nervous system in one of these include the spinal cord as well as deep tendon nerves and sensory nerves.
Visceral reflex arcs involve involuntary responses in internal organs, modulated by the autonomic nervous system. In contrast, somatic reflex arcs involve voluntary responses in skeletal muscles, controlled by the somatic nervous system.
The medulla oblongata is responsible for regulating several basic functions of the autonomic nervous system, including respiration, cardiac function, vasodilation, and reflexes like vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and swallowing.
Ganglion
The withdrawal reflex is both a somatic and autonomic reflex (brain). Withdrawal from a painful stimulus is one test used in brain injury. Without the somatic connection to the autonomic brain areas, you'd have no withdrawal reflex at all when something interferes with that connection (such as brain injury or brain death).
Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to a stimulus that help protect the body from harm. They are controlled by neural pathways called reflex arcs, which involve sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Reflexes can be either innate (built-in) or learned through experience.
The autonomic reflex centers are located in the brainstem and spinal cord. The brainstem houses important autonomic centers such as the medulla oblongata and pons, which regulate functions like heart rate and respiration. The spinal cord contains reflex arcs that control activities like urination and defecation.
The interneuron is the component of a reflex arc that is located entirely within the central nervous system. It receives sensory information from the sensory neuron and relays it to the motor neuron to initiate a response without the need for input from the brain.
monsynaptic reflex arcs
Yes, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is involved in reflex actions. Reflex arcs allow sensory information to be processed in the spinal cord and produce motor responses without involving the brain. The PNS carries the sensory information to the spinal cord and the motor responses back to the muscles or glands.
Please restate this question for clarification...
Simple reflex arcs, where a sensory neuron directly synapses with a motor neuron in the spinal cord, do not involve an association neuron. These reflex arcs allow for immediate and involuntary responses to stimuli without the need for processing in the brain. Examples include the knee-jerk reflex and withdrawal reflex.