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Yes. with imaging such as CT or MRI, ultrasound, or even xray/mammography, a cancer can be diagnosed. However, to get a definitely diagnosis, doctors need to examine the cells in the mass under a microscope to see if they are in fact cancerous, and if so, what type of cancer they are.

With that being said, "lumps" are not always removed via surgery or traditional excisional biopsy method. Often the first step Dr's take is to perform a fine needle biopsy (also called FNA). This is like getting a shot. Basically the doctor takes a needle and inserts it into the lump and instead of injecting, he aspirates (pulls back) on the needle. This sucks up some of the cells in the mass, which are then send to the lab and can be looked at under a microscope to make the diagnosis of cancer. Sometimes this method is inconclusive or more information is needed and excisional biopsy must be performed after.

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Q: Can a lump be determined as cancerous without removing it?
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