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What is the functionality of antibodies produced by B cells?
These antibodies attach themselves to the bacteria, and flag them for destruction by other immune cells.
Antibodies work by attaching to the what making them useless?
Antibodies attach to antigens, which are foreign substances such as viruses or bacteria, to make them harmless by marking them for destruction by the immune system.
Antibodies can stick to?
Antibodies stick to any viruses or infections. They don't attack, but they are like homing devices. They track the diseases so white blood cells (the attackers) know where the diseases are.
To what do antibodies respond?
Antibodies are secreted by a special group of white blood cells called lymphocytes. Each type of cell (including bacteria) has a unique protein on its cell membrane - an antigen. If a lymphocyte does not recognise a particular antigen, it will assume that the cell (or bacterium) is foreign and hostile. This is what antibodies respond to - the stimulus as the result of an unfamiliar cell. The antibodies attach to the antigens and kill the cell, or bacterium.
What are antibodies?
Antibodies are special immune system cells that are matched to a specific virus. Once they attach to the virus, it is neutralized as a threat. Your body has to learn how to make antibodies for each virus it encounters, that is what vaccines are used for.
Type blood has B antibodies?
Has no antigen in many textbooks it will state "no A-antigen and no B-antigen"(which imply the possibility of some other antigen) and some will even say, "no antigen" (which is true; antigens are things that attach to antigen binding sites, thus, if it does not fit any antigen binding sites, it is technically not a antigen but merely a "enzyme/protein") but this is just to reduce unnecessary and irrelevant information; they are only concerned about A-antibody, B-antibody, A-antigen, and B-antigen. Nonetheless, know that there are in fact antigens on o blood cells, they are just inactive. My guess is, N acetyl glactosamine on A antigen and Galactose on B antigens are Epitopes (: a small specific regions on antigens that are bound by the antigen receptors on lymphocytes and by secreted antibodies.) Antigens without epitopes will not be detected by antigen binding sites.
Are antibodies large protein molecules that are attach to pathogens?
Yes, antibodies are Y-shaped proteins produced by the immune system in response to pathogens. They can attach to specific antigens on pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells.
In clonal selection of b cells which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned?
there are 100,000 antibodies on the surface of b-cells which are specific for particular type of antigen therefore if specific antibody recognize the particular type antigen then it attach with it and activated.
Proteins that attach to antigens to keep them from harming the body?
These are antibodies, which are produced by the immune system in response to the presence of antigens such as viruses or bacteria. Antibodies bind to antigens to neutralize them and prevent them from causing harm to the body.
An antibody reacts to what antigen?
An antibody reacts to the specific antigen it is made to attach to. It is like the lock and key model; it locks onto the antigen.
What describes the body's recognition of a relatively harmless substance as a dangerous antigen and subsequent mounting of an immune response?
an allergic reaction
Does o blood type have a antigens?
Yes, individuals with O blood type have neither A nor B antigens on their red blood cells. This is why people with O blood type are considered universal donors, as their blood can be transfused to individuals with other blood types without causing a reaction.
