The antigen itself cannot destroy the pathogen but here are three ways it helps out:
1. Antibodies can clump antigens together in order to enhance phagocytosis
2. Antibodies can activate the cytotoxic cell responses (a chemical that destroys antibody-bound antigen).
3. Antibodies can activate B lymphocytes, which results in the production on plasma and memory cells.
The antigen itself cannot destroy the pathogen but here are three ways it helps out:
1. Antibodies can clump antigens together in order to enhance phagocytosis
2. Antibodies can activate the cytotoxic cell responses (a chemical that destroys antibody-bound antigen).
3. Antibodies can activate B lymphocytes, which results in the production on plasma and memory cells.
binding to antigens on the pathogens.
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antibodies in the blood kill pathogens in the blood
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I wouldn't say so specifically.However yes antibodies help the bodies immune system by working in three ways. Either the stimulate an immune response to a pathogen e.g activating the complement system, they can also prevent pathogens from entering the body and damaging cells or in some case they might bind to or try to smother a pathogen to death. Antibodies have also been know to consume pathogens. Diet is one very important way in which you can stimulate and boost your immune system
Water it every day. Dont destroy them. There are many ways.
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pathogens antigens
White blood cells help protect the body against infections and diseases by identifying and attacking foreign invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. They are a crucial part of the immune system and play a key role in keeping the body healthy. White blood cells can also produce antibodies to help the immune response.
Function Since antibodies exist freely in the bloodstream, they are said to be part of the humoral immune system. Circulating antibodies are produced by clonal B cells that specifically respond to only one antigen (an example is a virus capsid protein fragment) . Antibodies contribute to immunity in three main ways: they can prevent pathogens from entering or damaging cells by binding to them; they can stimulate removal of a pathogen by macrophages and other cells by coating the pathogen; and they can trigger direct pathogen destruction by stimulating other immune responses such as the complement pathway. Antibodies that bind to surface antigens on, for example a bacterium, attract the first component of the complement cascade with their Fc region and initiate activation of the "classical" complement system. This results in the killing of bacteria in two ways. First, the binding of the antibody and complement molecules marks the microbe for ingestion by phagocytes in a process called opsonization; these phagocytes are attracted by certain complement molecules generated in the complement cascade. Secondly, some complement system components form a membrane attack complex to assist antibodies to kill the bacterium directly. To combat pathogens that replicate outside cells, antibodies bind to pathogens to link them together, causing them to agglutinate. Since an antibody has at least two paratopes it can bind more than one antigen by binding identical epitopes carried on the surfaces of these antigens. By coating the pathogen, antibodies stimulate effector functions against the pathogen in cells that recognize their Fc region. Those cells which recognize coated pathogens have Fc receptors which, as the name suggests, interacts with the Fc region of IgA, IgG, and IgE antibodies. The engagement of a particular antibody with the Fc receptor on a particular cell triggers an effector function of that cell; phagocytes will phagocytose, mast cells and neutrophils will degranulate, natural killer cells will release cytokines and cytotoxic molecules; that will ultimately result in destruction of the invading microbe. The Fc receptors are isotype-specific, which gives greater flexibility to the immune system, invoking only the appropriate immune mechanisms for distinct pathogens.
White blood cells are part of the immune system and work to defend the body against infections and foreign invaders. They detect and destroy pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and fungi through processes such as phagocytosis and producing antibodies. White blood cells also help regulate and coordinate the immune response to fight off diseases.
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