It depends on the specific requirements of the issuing authority. In some cases, a copy of your birth certificate may be accepted, but typically an original or certified copy is required for official identification purposes. It is best to check with the permit issuing authority to confirm their specific document requirements.
No. There is no photo on the birth certificate. It could belong to anyone.
no. your birth certificate folows you the rest of your life. but you parhaps do not want to use it.
It depends on the use of the birth certificate... more details please.
sure y not
No you need a passport
No
With the U.S.'s new restrictions, you need a passport any time you leave the country. You'll want the birth certificate to get the passport, though, so in a sense you do use it to go on a cruise.
No you need a passport.
No.
No
No, you need photo identification. There is no way to prove the persons name on the birth certificate is you there isn't a corresponding state issued photo.