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The principal physiological effect of acidosis is depression of the central nervous system through depression of synaptic transmission. If the systemic arterial blood H falls below 7, depression of the nervous system is so severe that the individual becomes disoriented, then becomes comatose, and may die.

A major physiological effect of alkalosis is overexcitability in both the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. Neurons conduct impulses repetitively, even when not stimulated; the results are nervousness, muscle spasms a, and even convulsions and death.

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Acidosis can lead to decreased respiratory rate, confusion, and arrhythmias due to an increase in hydrogen ion concentration. Alkalosis can result in muscle cramps, tetany, and seizures due to a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration. Both conditions can disrupt normal physiological processes and lead to serious health consequences if not corrected.

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Q: What are the major physiological effects of acidosis and alkalosis?
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