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Not sure why you need a beam that bears no load. You can go 22'. Beyond that it needs to be broken down to shorter lengths.
Depends on how much weight is above it!! but on 1 -2 story wood framed structures triple 2x12's glued and nailed will do the trick
A 2x8 refers to a 2 inch by 8 foot piece of wood. The span of a 2x8 is 8 feet.
Even using a 2x12 the spacing for 20 feet will be less than 12 inches on center. I would recommend splitting the distance with a double beam perpendicular to the joist run. This will allow you to go up to 24 inches on center. Your span will only be ten feet aproximately this way. I would double the beam. (2-2x12 joined together) Good luck. when building your beam make sure the laps on the beam are at least 6 foot apart and put a good wood glue on the 2x12s plus for added strength put 1/2 inch O.S.B. in between the 2x12 and I would also lag or bolt them together, at about 16 to 24 inches O.S.B. = Oscilating Strand Board.
depends on length