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The earth's axis is not directly perpendicular to the sun. The distance between the northern hemisphere is closer to the sun during summer and further during winter, and this causes less day in the south and more day in the north.

The earth's axis is tilted by approximately 23' and it changes, these changes along with other factors (milankovitch cycle) causes the ice ages.

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13y ago
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13y ago

It's to do with the 23.5 degree tilt of the earth as it orbits around the sun. Example as the earth is tilted towards the sun in the northern hemisphere (the top half) it's summer and winter in the Southern Hemisphere (the bottom half).

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