The aneroid barometer is more durable and compact, and much easier to read. The only particular advantage of a Mercury barometer is that it's a direct measurement -- there's no calibration involved. If you can measure the height of the column above the pool and you know the density of mercury, you have the pressure.
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Thermometers are the instrument that is often filled with mercury, colored water, or alcohol. Most early thermometers were made with mercury.
If you mean AMALGAM it is a mercury alloy often used in dental filings. :)
Pressure is often measured in inches of mercury when describing barometric pressure in weather reports. This term is also known as "inches of mercury vacuum".
If you are writing a practical report it can be very small! Often the aim is, simply stated, the hypothesis you are trying to test.
I've heard them called a "renaissance man/woman" If they are older, and have lots of practical knowledge in a field, sometimes they are referred to as a "geezer tech."