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First, it should be noted that the development of gender (sexual dimorphism) is a subject separate from that of the evolution of sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction had already existed for a long time when the first sexually dimorphic species evolved. Sexual dimorphism, gender, is the situation wherein there exist distinct roles in the reproductive cycle, and morphologies associated with each role have diverged. One way that sexual dimorphism could have evolved is through the difference in size an number between male and female gametes. Males are typically able to produce gametes in prodigious numbers, while females usually produce far fewer and larger gametes. This makes males more redundant, in some cases leading to male competition over females, while females may have the "luxury" of "picking and choosing" from the redundantly available males. A difference in gender roles and associated morphology may follow from this.

This is one way for gender and sexual dimorphism to evolve, but not the only way.

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Q: What theories explain the evolution of gender and development?
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